![]() frassinettii as sister to the rest of the clade, the SNPs support a south to north order of divergences, with southernmost species (new taxon described here) as sister to the rest of the clade. We find strong conflicting signals between phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear and mtDNA data. We use an integrative approach to delimit species by considering morphological data (linear and landmark-based), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and nuclear DNA (Sequences and SNPs collected with ddRADseq). Despite their allopatric distributions, they display shallow mitochondrial divergences, making phylogenetics and species delimitation of this clade hard to resolve. frassinettii is found in the independent Costa Cordillera. The Liolaemus leopardinus clade is a group of five species of lizards adapted to high altitudes in central Chile, with most species found in the Andes, but one species, L. Organisms rapidly diversifying across unstable environments such as mountain tops provide substantial challenges for resolving evolutionary histories and delimiting species. We discuss our results in the context of integrative species delimitation. brevirostris group may represent species complexes. Moreover, our phylogenetic analyses suggest that other taxa within the P. Additionally, one lineage is microendemic and parapatric with respect to another one. Two of the newly recognized lineages are poorly differentiated morphologically but apparently differ in environmental preferences and are allopatric. The information provided by each kind of data allowed us to discern between alternative explanations for the observed patterns of geographic structure. brevirostris represents four distinct species. We employed phylogenetic reconstruction, analyses of population structure and morphological variation, and species delimitation methods (including the integration of the three kinds of data in a unified probabilistic framework) to evaluate species limits. The nuclear dataset includes fragments of the genes coding for the megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 and RNA fingerprint 35 proteins. The mitochondrial fragment includes the full length of the gene coding for the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 protein, a segment of the gene coding for 16S ribosomal RNA, and flanking tRNAs. Our molecular dataset includes one mitochondrial and two nuclear loci. Here, we employed environmental, molecular, and morphological data to evaluate the species boundaries within the short-nosed skink Plestiodon brevirostris from south-central Mexico, one member of the morphologically conservative P. Integrative taxonomy has been generally considered as a goal in systematics for more than a decade.
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